Coursework, will update the other pages later.
My dissertation is now a book, and this is the link to the teachable course.
Health Literacy and Health Seeking Behavior of Parents of Young Children.
https://padmasherni.teachable.com/
by Pialee Roy, Ph.D., & CHC.
Grant application Notes in Progress by Pialee Roy, Ph.D.
Research Methodology for Cost Benefit Analysis. According to Boardman (2017), deRus (2010), and Zerbe and Bellas (2006) : Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) helps in the decision making process to determine the value of a project or policy. Value may be determined by monetary units or social welfare. Inputs and outputs are analyzed to determine overall net value, but a variable such as “work” could be viewed as an “input”, for example: Labor, versus an “output”, for example: creation of jobs. Beyond what may be considered economically desirable, a project/policy may be considered beneficial based on other decision criteria or priorities such as political expediency, efficiency, social justice, or public opportunity for recreation. However, different individuals in a community may have different degrees of net benefit, depending on the values or priorities of each person. Based on these values, each individual’s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a good or willingness-to-accept (WTA) for a good, can vary. However, in general, CBA looks at the overall net benefit of a project/policy compared to the status quo or changing nothing. A counterfactual alternative world scenario might look at the short-term or long-term effects of a world with or without a project/policy. If at least one person benefits without a negative impact on any others, this Pareto improvement may be considered one decision criterion in support of a project/policy. If there are a few potential losers, but the winners potentially could compensate them and still remain winners (therefore, the magnitude/degree of gains and losses is also important), this would be considered the Kaldor-Hicks criterion. According to Boardman (2017), deRus (2010), and Zerbe and Bellas (2006) : One weakness in CBA is when uncertainty or unpredictability is not included in estimating the 10 Study Proposal Title: Cost benefit analysis of effective teacher compensation and retention strategies in ECE. By Pialee Roy, Ph.D. value of proceeding with a project/policy. For example, the CBA of purchasing participation an afterschool program in a city prior to the unpredictable roadway construction blocking traffic from getting to the program, or the CBA of having a prevention of school drop out conference until after too many student failures, suspensions and expulsions, resulting in fewer school attendees from consequences for behaviors that were preventable. So, timing is important as well. The CBA of a construction project during the first 40 somewhat years (materials needed, jobs produced) may be very different than later on (upkeep and maintenance, now having an existing and fastest travel route). According to Boardman (2017), deRus (2010), and Zerbe and Bellas (2006) : Two main types of cost-benefit analysis are “Ex ante CBA” and “Ex post CBA”. Ex ante occurs prior to the start of a project/policy and is useful in thinking through allocation of resources before it happens. Ex Post occurs after a project/policy has been implemented, and may provide lessons learned or how to repeat successful endeavors or provide data towards a different procedure or evidence of what did not work well. When analysis occurs during/ in the middle of a project or implementation of a policy, this is called: “in medias res”. “In medias res” is similar to “Ex ante”, but may be used as a continual on-going assessment to decide if project should or should not continue. “In medias res CBA” can also provide data to estimate future costs and benefits or help figure out if resources should be reallocated in a different way. To conduct a CBA, DeRus (2010) recommends to begin by clearly defining the objective, ie. the problem to be solved, and the alternatives. The Major Steps of CBA outlined in Table 1-2 on page 6 of the Boardman text, are : 1) Specify the set of alternative projects, 2) Decide whose benefits and costs count (standing), 3) Identify the impact categories, catalogue them, and select measurement indicators, 4) Predict the impacts quantitatively over the life of the project, 5) Monetize (attach dollar values to) all impacts, 6)Discount benefits and costs to obtain present values, 7) Compute the net present value of 11 Study Proposal Title: Cost benefit analysis of effective teacher compensation and retention strategies in ECE. By Pialee Roy, Ph.D. each alternative, 8) Perform sensitivity analysis, and 9) Make a recommendation. The Zerbe and Bellas (2006) method for CBA is very similar but includes accounting for uncertainty. Contingent valuation (CV) is a method that surveys people about their willingness to pay (WTP) or willingness to accept (WTA) or rather what they cannot or are not willing to pay. p. 182. The data collection can occur before (ex ante) or after (ex post) a program/policy is implemented. In this study three states of consideration for need for treatment impacting WTP or WTA may be: 1) uncertainty of getting a scholarship, incentive, or loan for any professional development: ex ante, 2) having received a scholarship, incentive, or loan, for professional development but not started , so uncertainty in efficacy of attaining professional development: intermediate, and 3) professional development received, so no uncertainty: ex post
Health Literacy and Health Seeking Behavior of Parents of Young Children.
https://padmasherni.teachable.com/
by Pialee Roy, Ph.D., & CHC.
Grant application Notes in Progress by Pialee Roy, Ph.D.
Research Methodology for Cost Benefit Analysis. According to Boardman (2017), deRus (2010), and Zerbe and Bellas (2006) : Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) helps in the decision making process to determine the value of a project or policy. Value may be determined by monetary units or social welfare. Inputs and outputs are analyzed to determine overall net value, but a variable such as “work” could be viewed as an “input”, for example: Labor, versus an “output”, for example: creation of jobs. Beyond what may be considered economically desirable, a project/policy may be considered beneficial based on other decision criteria or priorities such as political expediency, efficiency, social justice, or public opportunity for recreation. However, different individuals in a community may have different degrees of net benefit, depending on the values or priorities of each person. Based on these values, each individual’s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a good or willingness-to-accept (WTA) for a good, can vary. However, in general, CBA looks at the overall net benefit of a project/policy compared to the status quo or changing nothing. A counterfactual alternative world scenario might look at the short-term or long-term effects of a world with or without a project/policy. If at least one person benefits without a negative impact on any others, this Pareto improvement may be considered one decision criterion in support of a project/policy. If there are a few potential losers, but the winners potentially could compensate them and still remain winners (therefore, the magnitude/degree of gains and losses is also important), this would be considered the Kaldor-Hicks criterion. According to Boardman (2017), deRus (2010), and Zerbe and Bellas (2006) : One weakness in CBA is when uncertainty or unpredictability is not included in estimating the 10 Study Proposal Title: Cost benefit analysis of effective teacher compensation and retention strategies in ECE. By Pialee Roy, Ph.D. value of proceeding with a project/policy. For example, the CBA of purchasing participation an afterschool program in a city prior to the unpredictable roadway construction blocking traffic from getting to the program, or the CBA of having a prevention of school drop out conference until after too many student failures, suspensions and expulsions, resulting in fewer school attendees from consequences for behaviors that were preventable. So, timing is important as well. The CBA of a construction project during the first 40 somewhat years (materials needed, jobs produced) may be very different than later on (upkeep and maintenance, now having an existing and fastest travel route). According to Boardman (2017), deRus (2010), and Zerbe and Bellas (2006) : Two main types of cost-benefit analysis are “Ex ante CBA” and “Ex post CBA”. Ex ante occurs prior to the start of a project/policy and is useful in thinking through allocation of resources before it happens. Ex Post occurs after a project/policy has been implemented, and may provide lessons learned or how to repeat successful endeavors or provide data towards a different procedure or evidence of what did not work well. When analysis occurs during/ in the middle of a project or implementation of a policy, this is called: “in medias res”. “In medias res” is similar to “Ex ante”, but may be used as a continual on-going assessment to decide if project should or should not continue. “In medias res CBA” can also provide data to estimate future costs and benefits or help figure out if resources should be reallocated in a different way. To conduct a CBA, DeRus (2010) recommends to begin by clearly defining the objective, ie. the problem to be solved, and the alternatives. The Major Steps of CBA outlined in Table 1-2 on page 6 of the Boardman text, are : 1) Specify the set of alternative projects, 2) Decide whose benefits and costs count (standing), 3) Identify the impact categories, catalogue them, and select measurement indicators, 4) Predict the impacts quantitatively over the life of the project, 5) Monetize (attach dollar values to) all impacts, 6)Discount benefits and costs to obtain present values, 7) Compute the net present value of 11 Study Proposal Title: Cost benefit analysis of effective teacher compensation and retention strategies in ECE. By Pialee Roy, Ph.D. each alternative, 8) Perform sensitivity analysis, and 9) Make a recommendation. The Zerbe and Bellas (2006) method for CBA is very similar but includes accounting for uncertainty. Contingent valuation (CV) is a method that surveys people about their willingness to pay (WTP) or willingness to accept (WTA) or rather what they cannot or are not willing to pay. p. 182. The data collection can occur before (ex ante) or after (ex post) a program/policy is implemented. In this study three states of consideration for need for treatment impacting WTP or WTA may be: 1) uncertainty of getting a scholarship, incentive, or loan for any professional development: ex ante, 2) having received a scholarship, incentive, or loan, for professional development but not started , so uncertainty in efficacy of attaining professional development: intermediate, and 3) professional development received, so no uncertainty: ex post